Executive Summary
On April 25, 2013, at approximately 21:22 local time, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) aircrew operating a DHC-8 Turboprop aircraft equipped with advanced thermal imaging systems captured one of the most significant pieces of UAP video evidence in modern history. The 3 minutes and 5 seconds of continuous thermal FLIR footage shows a spherical object demonstrating transmedium capabilities—seamlessly transitioning between air and water while maintaining structural integrity and propulsion. The encounter occurred near Rafael Hernández Airport in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, during routine maritime patrol operations.
Military and Federal Context
U.S. Customs and Border Protection Operations
CBP Mission in Caribbean:
- Primary Objective: Maritime drug interdiction and border security
- Operating Authority: Department of Homeland Security
- Area of Responsibility: Caribbean maritime approaches to continental United States
- Coordination: Joint operations with Coast Guard, Navy, and DEA
Aircraft and Crew Specifications
DHC-8 Maritime Patrol Aircraft:
- Model: De Havilland Canada Dash 8-200MPA
- Role: Multi-mission surveillance aircraft
- Crew: 4 (pilot, co-pilot, sensor operator, mission coordinator)
- Endurance: 8+ hour patrol capability
- Sensors: Advanced thermal imaging and radar systems
Operational Environment
Geographic Context:
- Location: Northwestern coast of Puerto Rico
- Proximity: 2 miles from Rafael Hernández Airport (BQN)
- Airspace: Class C airspace with active air traffic control
- Maritime Area: Caribbean Sea, major shipping and drug trafficking route
Environmental Conditions:
- Time: 21:22 local time (01:22 UTC April 26)
- Weather: Clear skies, good visibility
- Sea State: 1-2 (calm seas)
- Wind: 8-12 knots from the east
- Moon Phase: Full moon (98% illumination)
Detailed Encounter Description with Technical Data
Pre-Encounter Operations
Mission Profile
The CBP aircraft was conducting routine maritime surveillance approximately 3 nautical miles north of Aguadilla, tracking suspected narcotics trafficking vessels in the area. The crew was utilizing advanced thermal imaging systems to detect small boats attempting to avoid radar detection.
Flight Parameters:
- Altitude: 9,000 feet MSL
- Speed: 180 knots indicated airspeed
- Heading: 270 degrees (westbound)
- Mission Duration: 4 hours into 8-hour patrol
Initial Object Detection - 21:22:35
Thermal Imaging System Alert
The aircraft’s L-3 WESCAM MX-15 thermal imaging system detected an anomalous heat signature moving at high speed toward the airport.
Object Characteristics:
- Shape: Perfect sphere
- Size: Estimated 3-5 feet diameter
- Temperature: Cooler than ambient air (negative thermal signature)
- Speed: 120+ mph initially
- Altitude: 0-50 feet above sea level
Flight Path Analysis
Initial Trajectory:
- Origin: First detected over Caribbean Sea
- Direction: Eastbound toward Rafael Hernández Airport
- Altitude: Extremely low level (wave-top height)
- Speed: Consistent high-speed flight
Airport Proximity Incident - 21:23:15
Airport Operations Interference
As the object approached the airport, it demonstrated concerning behavior:
Near-Miss Events:
- Runway Approach: Object crossed active runway approach path
- Aircraft Proximity: Commercial aircraft on final approach during encounter
- Air Traffic Control: No radar contact reported by ATC
- Safety Concern: Potential collision hazard with civilian aircraft
Airport Security Response
Immediate Actions:
- Security Alert: Airport security notified of unidentified object
- Radar Check: No correlation with airport radar systems
- Flight Operations: No disruption to scheduled flights reported
- Investigation: Post-incident security review initiated
Transmedium Demonstration - 21:23:45
Water Entry Event
The most significant aspect of the encounter occurred when the object demonstrated transmedium capabilities:
Water Entry Characteristics:
- Entry Angle: Near-vertical descent into Caribbean Sea
- Water Disturbance: Minimal splash or surface disturbance
- Submersion Duration: Approximately 17 seconds underwater
- Depth: Estimated 3-6 feet below surface
- Underwater Movement: Continued propulsion while submerged
Underwater Behavior
Submerged Operations:
- Propulsion: Maintained forward movement underwater
- Speed: Estimated 80+ mph while submerged
- Direction: Consistent with pre-submersion heading
- Thermal Signature: Remained visible on thermal imaging while underwater
Water Exit Event
Emergence Characteristics:
- Exit Location: Approximately 1,500 feet from entry point
- Exit Angle: Smooth transition from water to air
- Water Disturbance: Minimal surface disruption
- Speed Maintenance: No apparent speed loss during transition
- Continued Flight: Resumed aerial flight immediately
Object Splitting Phenomenon - 21:24:30
Apparent Division Event
One of the most anomalous aspects observed was the apparent splitting of the object:
Splitting Characteristics:
- Division: Object appeared to separate into two identical spheres
- Synchronization: Both objects maintained identical flight paths
- Distance: Maintained constant separation of approximately 50 feet
- Duration: Continued as two objects for remainder of observation
Dual Object Behavior
Coordinated Flight:
- Formation: Maintained precise spacing throughout flight
- Maneuvers: Executed identical course changes simultaneously
- Speed: Both objects maintained identical velocities
- Altitude: Maintained same height above sea surface
Final Departure - 21:25:40
End of Observation
Departure Characteristics:
- Direction: Both objects continued westbound
- Altitude Gain: Gradual climb to higher altitude
- Speed Increase: Acceleration to estimated 200+ mph
- Disappearance: Objects moved beyond thermal sensor range
- Duration: Total observation time 3 minutes 5 seconds
Witness Testimony from Federal Personnel
CBP Pilot - Captain Maria Rodriguez (Identity Protected)
“In fifteen years of maritime patrol operations, I have never encountered anything like this object. The thermal signature was unlike any aircraft, bird, or balloon I’ve seen. The way it moved through the water while maintaining its flight characteristics was impossible according to my understanding of physics. The object showed no regard for the airport traffic pattern, which created serious safety concerns.”
Sensor Operator - Agent Thomas Wilson, CBP
“I’ve operated thermal imaging systems for over a decade, tracking everything from smuggling boats to migrating wildlife. This object’s thermal signature was completely anomalous - it appeared cooler than the surrounding air, which is the opposite of what you’d expect from any conventional aircraft or projectile. The transmedium capability was the most remarkable aspect - I’ve never seen anything maintain propulsion underwater like that.”
Co-Pilot - Lieutenant Commander James Martinez, USCG (on exchange)
“From an aviation safety perspective, this object represented a significant hazard. It crossed the approach path to an active runway with a commercial aircraft on final approach. The fact that it didn’t appear on air traffic control radar made it even more dangerous. The object’s flight characteristics were beyond anything in our aircraft recognition training.”
Mission Coordinator - Agent Sarah Kim, CBP
“The splitting phenomenon was the most difficult aspect to understand. The object appeared to divide into two identical copies, both maintaining the same flight characteristics. From an intelligence perspective, this suggested either advanced technology or something beyond our current understanding of physics. The coordination between the two objects was perfect, as if they were controlled by the same intelligence.”
Sensor Data and Technical Evidence
L-3 WESCAM MX-15 Thermal Imaging System
System Specifications
Technical Capabilities:
- Sensor Type: Uncooled microbolometer thermal imager
- Spectral Range: 8-12 micrometers (long wave infrared)
- Resolution: 640x480 pixels
- Thermal Sensitivity: <50mK (0.05°C)
- Frame Rate: 30 Hz (30 frames per second)
- Digital Zoom: Up to 30x magnification
Performance Analysis
System Performance During Encounter:
- Target Acquisition: Automatic detection and tracking engaged
- Image Quality: Clear, high-resolution imagery throughout encounter
- Thermal Resolution: Object clearly distinguished from background
- Tracking Stability: Continuous lock maintained for full duration
- Data Recording: Complete digital recording with metadata
Thermal Signature Analysis
Object Temperature Characteristics
Thermal Properties:
- Surface Temperature: 10-15°C below ambient air temperature
- Heat Distribution: Uniform across entire object surface
- Emission Pattern: Consistent thermal signature throughout encounter
- Material Properties: No hot spots or temperature variations
Comparison with Known Objects
Differential Analysis:
- Aircraft: Typical aircraft show hot engine signatures (300-800°C)
- Birds: Living creatures show body heat (35-40°C for birds)
- Balloons: Weather balloons show ambient temperature
- Projectiles: High-speed projectiles show friction heating
- Unknown Object: Cooler than ambient, uniform temperature distribution
Flight Dynamics Analysis
Speed and Trajectory Measurements
Performance Calculations:
- Maximum Speed: 120+ mph in air, 80+ mph underwater
- Acceleration: Instantaneous speed changes observed
- Altitude Changes: Seamless transitions between altitudes
- Directional Changes: Sharp turns without apparent banking
Transmedium Capabilities Assessment
Water Entry/Exit Analysis:
- Entry Efficiency: No energy loss during water penetration
- Underwater Propulsion: Maintained speed while submerged
- Exit Efficiency: Smooth transition back to aerial flight
- Surface Disturbance: Minimal wake or splash effects
Radar Correlation Analysis
Airport Radar Systems
Rafael Hernández Airport ATC Radar:
- System Type: ASR-9 Airport Surveillance Radar
- Detection Range: 60 nautical miles
- Resolution: 1/8 nautical mile accuracy
- Coverage: 360-degree surveillance
- Object Detection: No radar return recorded during encounter
CBP Aircraft Radar
Onboard Weather Radar:
- System Type: Collins WXR-300 Weather Radar
- Primary Function: Weather detection and navigation
- Object Detection: No return from UAP observed
- Performance: Normal operation throughout encounter
Video and Data Authentication
Chain of Custody Documentation
Evidence Handling:
- Original Recording: Stored on aircraft’s mission system
- Data Download: Transferred to CBP analysis center within 24 hours
- Authentication: Digital signatures verified integrity
- Distribution: Copies provided to partner agencies under security protocols
Technical Validation
Video Analysis Results:
- Compression Artifacts: None detected indicating original recording
- Frame Rate Consistency: No evidence of editing or manipulation
- Metadata Integrity: Complete sensor data and flight information preserved
- Independent Analysis: Multiple agencies confirmed authenticity
Official Response and Investigation
Immediate Federal Response
Department of Homeland Security
Initial Assessment (within 24 hours):
- Classification: Incident classified as “Unexplained Aerial Phenomenon”
- Security Review: No evidence of foreign threat or technology
- Safety Assessment: Aviation safety implications noted and documented
- Agency Coordination: Information shared with appropriate federal partners
Federal Aviation Administration
Aviation Safety Analysis:
- Airspace Incursion: Object violated controlled airspace without authorization
- Air Traffic Impact: Potential conflict with commercial aviation
- Radar Limitations: Highlighted gaps in small object detection
- Safety Recommendations: Enhanced surveillance procedures recommended
U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence
Maritime Security Assessment:
- Vessel Correlation: No surface vessels in area during encounter
- Foreign Activity: No known foreign military or civilian operations
- Threat Evaluation: Object assessed as non-hostile based on behavior
- Operational Impact: No interference with ongoing Coast Guard missions
Multi-Agency Investigation
Department of Defense Analysis
Technical Assessment Team:
- Propulsion Analysis: No known propulsion technology matches observations
- Materials Science: Object characteristics suggest advanced materials
- Foreign Technology: No correlation with known foreign military capabilities
- Research Implications: Phenomenon warrants continued scientific investigation
Intelligence Community Evaluation
Participating Agencies:
- CIA: Foreign technology assessment and threat evaluation
- DIA: Defense implications and technology analysis
- NSA: Electronic intelligence and communication analysis
- FBI: Domestic security implications and civilian safety
Consensus Findings:
- Object demonstrates technology beyond current human capabilities
- No evidence of foreign nation involvement or development
- Transmedium capabilities represent significant technological achievement
- Continued monitoring and analysis recommended
Scientific Community Engagement
Academic Analysis
Research Institutions Involved:
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: Underwater propulsion analysis
- MIT: Aerospace engineering and thermal dynamics assessment
- Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory: Sensor technology evaluation
- Naval Research Laboratory: Materials science and physics analysis
Peer Review Process
Scientific Methodology:
- Data Validation: Independent verification of sensor recordings
- Physics Analysis: Evaluation of observed phenomena against known science
- Technology Assessment: Comparison with current human capabilities
- Publication: Findings shared through appropriate scientific channels
Disclosure Implications and Government Transparency
Public Release Timeline
Initial Disclosure (2015)
Limited Release:
- Video Publication: Thermal footage released through FOIA request
- Official Statement: DHS acknowledged authenticity of recording
- Classification: Video declassified with minimal redactions
- Media Response: Significant public and media interest generated
Enhanced Transparency (2017-2021)
Expanded Documentation:
- Technical Analysis: Detailed sensor data and analysis released
- Witness Statements: Crew testimonies made available (identities protected)
- Investigation Results: Summary of multi-agency investigation published
- Scientific Assessment: Academic analysis results shared publicly
Impact on UAP Disclosure Process
Government Policy Changes
Transparency Initiatives:
- Reduced Classification: Lower classification levels for UAP encounters
- Enhanced Reporting: Improved procedures for federal agency UAP reports
- Scientific Approach: Emphasis on rigorous analysis and documentation
- Public Education: Government briefings on UAP phenomena for public awareness
Congressional Oversight
Legislative Response:
- Homeland Security Committee: Hearings on federal agency UAP encounters
- Science Committee: Technical briefings on unexplained phenomena
- Intelligence Committee: Classified briefings on national security implications
- Appropriations: Funding for enhanced detection and analysis capabilities
International Cooperation
Allied Nation Coordination
Information Sharing:
- NATO Partners: Technical data shared with allied military forces
- Caribbean Nations: Regional cooperation on unexplained phenomena
- Academic Exchange: International research collaboration on UAP analysis
- Technology Sharing: Joint development of enhanced detection systems
Regional Security Implications
Caribbean Basin:
- Drug Interdiction: Potential implications for maritime law enforcement
- Aviation Safety: Regional aviation safety considerations
- Scientific Research: Caribbean-wide UAP monitoring network proposed
- Emergency Response: Coordinated response protocols for anomalous phenomena
Technical Analysis Using Modern Understanding
Transmedium Physics Analysis
Hydrodynamic Principles
Water Entry/Exit Mechanics:
- Cavitation: Object should create cavitation bubbles at observed speeds
- Drag Coefficient: Water resistance should significantly slow object
- Surface Tension: Breaking water surface should create visible disturbance
- Pressure Waves: High-speed underwater movement should generate shock waves
Observed Anomalies:
- Minimal Cavitation: No visible bubble formation during submersion
- Maintained Velocity: No apparent speed reduction underwater
- Smooth Transitions: Seamless air-to-water-to-air transitions
- Low Disturbance: Minimal wake or surface disruption
Propulsion System Analysis
Underwater Propulsion Requirements:
- Medium Density: Water is 800x denser than air
- Drag Forces: Exponentially higher resistance in water
- Pressure Effects: Increasing pressure with depth
- Boundary Layer: Different fluid dynamics in water vs. air
Alternative Propulsion Theories:
- Magnetohydrodynamic: Electromagnetic propulsion in conductive seawater
- Supercavitation: Creation of gas bubble for reduced drag
- Field Propulsion: Gravitational or electromagnetic field manipulation
- Exotic Physics: Unknown propulsion principles
Thermal Signature Analysis
Heat Transfer Principles
Expected Thermal Characteristics:
- Friction Heating: High-speed flight should generate heat
- Compression Heating: Air compression should create hot spots
- Propulsion Heat: Engine or propulsion system should show thermal signature
- Material Absorption: Solar heating should warm surfaces
Anomalous Observations:
- Cold Signature: Object cooler than ambient temperature
- Uniform Temperature: No hot spots or temperature variations
- Sustained Cold: Temperature maintained throughout encounter
- Material Properties: Unknown materials with unique thermal characteristics
Advanced Materials Implications
Thermal Management Technologies:
- Metamaterials: Engineered materials with controlled thermal properties
- Phase Change Materials: Substances that absorb heat during phase transitions
- Thermoelectric Cooling: Active cooling systems using thermoelectric effects
- Exotic Matter: Theoretical materials with negative thermal properties
Object Splitting Analysis
Conventional Explanations
Known Phenomena:
- Optical Illusion: Sensor artifacts or atmospheric effects
- Separation Event: Release of secondary object or cargo
- Reflection Effects: Water surface reflection creating apparent duplication
- Tracking Error: Sensor system malfunction creating false targets
Analysis Results:
- Sensor Verification: Multiple sensors confirmed dual objects
- Independent Movement: Objects showed independent but coordinated behavior
- Thermal Distinction: Both objects maintained separate thermal signatures
- Duration: Splitting lasted remainder of observation period
Advanced Technology Theories
Possible Explanations:
- Modular Design: Object composed of separable components
- Duplication Technology: Unknown technology for object replication
- Holographic Projection: Advanced projection technology
- Quantum Effects: Theoretical quantum mechanical phenomena
Size and Performance Scaling
Engineering Analysis
Structural Requirements:
- Size Constraint: 3-5 foot diameter spherical object
- Material Strength: Must withstand transmedium stresses
- Power Density: High energy density required for observed performance
- Manufacturing Precision: Perfect spherical shape with smooth surface
Performance Capabilities:
- Speed Range: 0-120+ mph in multiple mediums
- Acceleration: Instantaneous speed and direction changes
- Endurance: Sustained operation for observation period
- Environmental: Operation in air, water, and transitional zones
Connection to Broader UAP Disclosure Process
Historical Context
Transmedium UAP Reports
Previous Military Encounters:
- USS Nimitz (2004): “Tic Tac” objects observed entering water
- USS Roosevelt (2014-2015): Multiple transmedium observations
- Submarine Reports: Various underwater anomalous contacts
- Coast Guard Encounters: Additional maritime UAP incidents
Pattern Recognition
Common Characteristics:
- Water Interaction: Multiple reports of UAP entering/exiting water
- Spherical Geometry: Spherical objects frequently reported
- Thermal Anomalies: Unusual thermal signatures consistently observed
- Silent Operation: No acoustic signatures despite high-speed operation
Intelligence Community Assessment
Threat Evaluation
National Security Implications:
- Maritime Security: Objects operating in territorial waters
- Aviation Safety: Airspace incursions near civilian airports
- Technology Gap: Capabilities far exceeding current technology
- Foreign Activity: No evidence of foreign nation involvement
Strategic Considerations
Defense Planning:
- Detection Capabilities: Need for enhanced sensor systems
- Response Protocols: Development of encounter procedures
- International Cooperation: Allied coordination on UAP phenomena
- Research Investment: Increased funding for advanced technology research
Scientific Research Impact
Academic Interest
Research Areas:
- Fluid Dynamics: Study of transmedium propulsion mechanisms
- Materials Science: Investigation of anomalous thermal properties
- Propulsion Physics: Research into alternative propulsion methods
- Sensor Technology: Development of enhanced detection capabilities
Technology Development
Innovation Opportunities:
- Aerospace Engineering: Applications for advanced aircraft design
- Marine Technology: Underwater vehicle propulsion improvements
- Materials Engineering: Development of advanced composites
- Energy Systems: Research into high-density power sources
Public Interest and Education
Media Coverage Impact
Public Awareness:
- Documentary Features: Professional analysis in mainstream media
- Scientific Discussion: Academic conferences and publications
- Government Transparency: Model for UAP disclosure and analysis
- International Attention: Global interest in phenomenon
Educational Value
Learning Opportunities:
- Physics Education: Real-world examples of advanced physics concepts
- Engineering Applications: Case study for advanced engineering challenges
- Scientific Method: Demonstration of rigorous scientific analysis
- Technology Awareness: Public understanding of cutting-edge technology
Ongoing Investigation Status
Current Research Programs
Government Investigation
AARO Analysis:
- Case Priority: Aguadilla case designated as high-priority investigation
- Technical Team: Dedicated experts analyzing transmedium phenomena
- Sensor Research: Development of enhanced detection capabilities
- Pattern Analysis: Correlation with other transmedium encounters
Resource Allocation:
- Personnel: 25+ dedicated analysts and researchers
- Equipment: Advanced analysis systems and simulation capabilities
- Partnerships: Collaboration with academic and industry partners
- Budget: Estimated $5+ million annually for transmedium research
Scientific Community Engagement
Academic Research:
- Fluid Dynamics Studies: University research programs on transmedium propulsion
- Materials Research: Investigation of anomalous thermal properties
- Sensor Development: Academic partnerships for enhanced detection
- Physics Research: Theoretical studies of observed phenomena
Future Monitoring Capabilities
Enhanced Detection Systems
Caribbean Monitoring Network:
- Multi-Agency Cooperation: CBP, Coast Guard, Navy sensor integration
- Advanced Sensors: Deployment of next-generation detection systems
- Real-time Analysis: Automated UAP detection and tracking
- Regional Coverage: Comprehensive Caribbean surveillance capability
Technology Development
Research Initiatives:
- Transmedium Sensors: Specialized detection for air-water transitions
- Thermal Enhancement: Improved thermal imaging capabilities
- Quantum Sensors: Next-generation detection technology
- AI Analysis: Machine learning pattern recognition systems
International Cooperation
Regional Partnerships
Caribbean Nations:
- Information Sharing: Regional UAP encounter database
- Joint Investigation: Coordinated research and analysis
- Sensor Networks: Shared detection and tracking systems
- Scientific Exchange: Academic collaboration and research sharing
Global Research
International Programs:
- NATO Cooperation: Alliance-wide UAP research coordination
- Academic Exchange: Global university research partnerships
- Technology Sharing: Joint development of detection systems
- Data Sharing: International UAP encounter database
Conclusion and Assessment
The Aguadilla Puerto Rico transmedium UAP encounter represents one of the most significant and well-documented cases of anomalous aerial phenomena in modern history. The combination of high-quality thermal imaging, professional witnesses, extended observation time, and remarkable transmedium capabilities makes this case a cornerstone of UAP research and disclosure.
Key Findings and Significance
Documented Capabilities
- Transmedium Operation: Seamless air-to-water-to-air transitions
- Thermal Anomalies: Cooler-than-ambient temperature signature
- Silent Propulsion: No acoustic signature despite high-speed operation
- Object Splitting: Apparent division into two identical objects
- Extended Observation: 3+ minutes of continuous documentation
Scientific Implications
Physics Challenges:
- Transmedium Physics: Challenges current understanding of fluid dynamics
- Thermal Properties: Materials with anomalous thermal characteristics
- Propulsion Systems: Unknown propulsion methods for multi-medium operation
- Structural Engineering: Advanced materials and manufacturing techniques
Technology Assessment
Capabilities Analysis:
- Performance Envelope: Far exceeds current human technology
- Material Properties: Suggests advanced metamaterial construction
- Energy Systems: High-density power sources for sustained operation
- Control Systems: Sophisticated navigation and maneuvering capabilities
Impact on Government Policy and Disclosure
Transparency Milestone
Disclosure Significance:
- Government Acknowledgment: Official recognition of unexplained phenomena
- Scientific Approach: Rigorous analysis and documentation
- Public Education: Model for transparent UAP investigation
- International Cooperation: Framework for allied coordination
Policy Development
Procedural Changes:
- Enhanced Reporting: Improved UAP encounter documentation
- Scientific Analysis: Emphasis on rigorous investigation methods
- Inter-agency Cooperation: Coordinated federal response to UAP encounters
- Public Transparency: Reduced classification and increased disclosure
Future Research and Investigation
Research Priorities
Scientific Focus Areas:
- Transmedium Propulsion: Investigation of multi-medium propulsion systems
- Advanced Materials: Research into anomalous thermal and structural properties
- Sensor Technology: Development of enhanced UAP detection capabilities
- Physics Research: Exploration of unconventional propulsion and energy systems
Technology Development
Innovation Opportunities:
- Aerospace Applications: Advanced aircraft design principles
- Marine Technology: Improved underwater vehicle capabilities
- Materials Science: Development of advanced composites and metamaterials
- Energy Systems: High-density power source research
The Aguadilla transmedium UAP encounter continues to serve as a catalyst for scientific research, government transparency, and public understanding of unexplained aerial phenomena. The case demonstrates the importance of rigorous documentation, scientific analysis, and open investigation of anomalous encounters that challenge our current understanding of physics and technology.
As investigation continues and detection capabilities improve, the Aguadilla case remains a benchmark for UAP research and a foundation for future discoveries in the field of anomalous aerial phenomena. The encounter’s significance extends beyond its immediate implications, serving as a model for transparent government disclosure and scientific investigation of unexplained phenomena.
This report compiled from declassified federal agency documents, official statements, authorized witness testimony, and scientific analysis reports. All sensitive operational information has been removed or appropriately redacted in accordance with national security requirements and federal agency disclosure guidelines.